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Secondary Motor Symptoms

  • Freezing:

    • ​Not explained by rigidity or bradykinesia 

    • Individuals will hesitate before stepping forward - he/she will feel as if his/her foot are glued to the floor

    • Is often temporary 

    • Can occur in very specific situations, but rarely happens when an individual is walking on stairs

    • Those with severe freezing cannot take a step

    • Increases a person's risk of falling foward

  • Micrographia:

    • Shrinkage in handwriting (abnormally small and cramped)

    • Is a result of bradykinesia (difficulty in repetitive actions)

  • Mask-like expression:

    • Individual's face is less expressive than usual

    • Caused by a decrease of unconscious facial movements due to a combination of rigidity and bradykinesia

  • Unwanted accelerations:

    • Some individuals experience movements that are too quick

    • Occurs in speech and movement 

    • Those with rapid speech (tachyphemia) produce a rapid stammering that is very difficult to understand

    • Those with uncontrollabe acceleration in movement (festination) experience the increased risk for falling

  • Stooped posture:

    • Tendency to lean forward

  • Dystonia

    • Involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal and slow movements

  • Impaired fine motor dexterity and motor coordination

  • Decreased movement

  • Akathisia:

    • An inner feeling of restlessness and a need to be in constant motion  

  • Speech problems:

    • Softness in voice

    • Slurred speech

  • Difficulty swallowing

  • Sexual dysfunction

  • Cramping

  • Drooling

Source: http://www.pdf.org/symptoms_secondary

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